杨木和杉木木材表面性质的研究

以人工林杨木和杉木木材为研究对象 ,对其表面自由能、表面极性和表面化学官能团等木材表面特征因子进行测定 ,并探讨不同温度处理条件下木材表面特性的变化机理。研究结果表明 :杉木比杨木有较高的总表面自由能 (42 35mN·m- 1 对 38 93mN·m- 1 )和非极性表面自由能 (41 6 1mN·m- 1 对 35 5 2mN·m- 1 ) ,而杨木的极性表面自由能比杉木要高 (3 4 1mN·m- 1 对 0 74mN·m- 1 )。杨木和杉木木材经过不同温度处理后 ,其总表面自由能和非极性表面自由能都随着处理温度的升高而下降 ,而极性自由能则有不同程度的升高。产生此种现象的原因主要为木材表面羟基缔合状态的解除及表面脱羟基作用的综合结果。木材表面 3种主要化学官能团为羟基、烷基和缩醛基 ,在高温处理条件下 ,两种木材羟基对烷基和缩醛基吸收峰面积之比都有所下降 ,说明高温处理过程是一个使木材表面羟基密度减少的过程。木材表面自由能与木材表面化学官能团变化有明显的相关性。     

生态学中关键种与物种重要性的概念(英文)

在本文中,对关键种的概念进行了讨论,并介绍了关键种的典型特征及其在群落和生态系统中的判别。在对关键种的研究基础上,首次提出了物种重要性(SI)概念。物种重要性可以简单地理解为生态系统中物种的重要值,它由三个指数构成,即物种结构重要值(SIV)、功能重要值(FIV)和动态重要值(DIV)。本文同时评价了三大硬阔森林生态系统中乔木树种的物种重要性。     

木质素磺酸钙的络合性能研究

研究了木质素磺酸钙(简称木钙，CLS)的浓度、溶液中钙离子(Ca^2 )浓度及pH值等因素对其络合性能的影响。结果发现，单位质量木钙中络合的Ca^2 量随木钙浓度增加而增加。当溶液中外加Ca^2 浓度增加到一定程度或pH值升高时，木钙的络合能力提高。pH值11时，质量浓度为10g/L的木钙溶液对Ca^2 的络合能力比原溶液增大3．7倍。进一步研究了具有不同羟基、羧基和磺酸基含量的木钙对Ca^2 的络合能力。结果表明，分子中大量羟基的存在是木钙具有络合能力的主要原因。     

生物基高吸水性树脂及其在农林生产中的应用

为提高高吸水树脂在农林方面的应用水平,通过查阅大量的文献资料,总结概括了生物基高吸水树脂按原料来源的分类(如淀粉类、纤维素类、海藻酸类、甲壳素&壳聚糖类、其他类等),以及国内外生物基高吸水树脂在农业园林等领域的应用研究进展,并结合当前高吸水树脂相关研究与应用中存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。     

异源表达菊芋HtHCT基因对受体植物木质素相关生理生化指标的影响

羟基肉桂酰辅酶A:莽草酸/奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶（HCT）是木质素合成过程中的关键酶之一。本研究构建了菊芋HtHCT基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1390-HtHCT,分别对拟南芥和本氏烟进行遗传转化,并对转基因植株进行生理生化指标测定。PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,HtHCT基因已经插入到受体植物基因组中,并能进行转录;转基因植株生理生化指标检测表明,HtHCT基因能够调节拟南芥和本氏烟中木质素的含量及组成,并对受体材料的类黄酮合成亦有一定的影响。     

Heterosis and heterotic patterns of maize germplasm revealed by a multiple-hybrid population under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions

Understanding the heterosis in multiple environments between different heterotic groups is of fundamental importance in successful maize breeding. A total of 737 hybrids derived from 41 maize inbreds were evaluated over two years, with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity and their performance between heterotic groups under drought-stressed (DS) and well-watered (WW) treatments. A total of 38 737 SNPs were employed to assess the genetic diversity. The genetic distance (GD) between the parents ranged from 0.05 to 0.74, and the 41 inbreds were classified into five heterotic groups. According to the hybrid performance (high yield and early maturity between heterotic groups), the heterosis and heterotic patterns of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS)×Non-Stiff Stalk (NSS), NSS×Sipingtou (SPT) and BSSS×SPT were identified to be useful options in China's maize breeding. The relative importance of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) suggests the importance of the additive genetic effects for grain yield traits under the WW treatment, but the non-additive effects under the DS treatment. At least one of the parental lines with drought tolerance and a high GCA effect would be required to achieve the ideal hybrid performance under drought conditions. GD showed a positive correlation with yield and yield heterosis in within-group hybrids over a certain range of GD. The present investigation suggests that the heterosis is due to the combined accumulation of superior genes/alleles in parents and the optimal genetic distance between parents, and that yield heterosis under DS treatment was mainly determined by the non-additive effects.     

烟草靶斑病病原学与综合防控手段最新研究进展

烟草靶斑病于2006年在辽宁丹东烟区被发现之后,在我国许多地方都被报导,影响烟叶生产,造成经济损失。本文在国外有关烟草靶斑病的流行条件和防治措施的研究基础上,针对我国烟区靶斑病病原学和综合防治技术方面取得的最新进展,从烟草靶斑病的识别鉴定、病原生物学、发生流行规律与综合防控措施四个方面进行综述,旨在为烟草靶斑病的快速准确识别与高效绿色防控提供指导。     

黄土区土坎植被群落草本优势种的种间关联性研究

以黄土区典型土坎植被群落为研究对象,筛选25种草本优势种,采用方差比率法,结合χ²检验、联结系数AC、共同出现百分率PC和Spearman秩相关分析方法,分析25个草本优势种的种间关系,为重力侵蚀治理、固沟保塬的植物配置提供理论支撑和技术依据。结果表明:1）方差比率法的检验结果表明,25个草本优势种总体上种间关系呈现显著正关联;2）χ²检验结果表明,正关联种对数（163）高于负关联种对数（135）,且显著关联的种对数占总种对数的6.67%;3）大部分种对间联结系数AC和共同出现百分率PC都不高,种对间的相关性较弱,联结关系松散,群落仍处于长期的发展过程中;4）根据Spearman秩相关系数对25个优势种进行聚类分析,可将其划分为5个生态种组。     

基于多变异分组遗传算法的多机协同作业静态任务分配

为解决农业机械（简称农机）多机协同作业前的任务分配问题,提出了基于多变异分组遗传算法的同种农机多机协同作业静态任务分配方法。首先,根据农机合作社实际作业模式,基于农机性能参数和任务参数,综合考虑机群的作业时间、作业油耗和路程代价等因素,建立了多机协同代价函数;根据多机协同作业特点,构建了多变异分组遗传算法,设计了两段式编码、分组交叉算子和多种变异算子,并建立了农机多机协同作业静态任务分配模型;通过仿真试验对比分析了算法的性能,并采用不同的代价权重进行了任务分配仿真试验;最后,采用不同的权重对实际深松作业进行任务分配试验,对本文提出算法进行了验证。结果表明：在不同权重下,基于多变异分组遗传算法的多机协同静态任务分配的机群代价比实际作业代价降低了29.48%~55.00%,选取合理权重的静态任务分配具有较高的分配效率和分配性能,能够满足实际多机协同作业中任务分配的要求。     

Cloning and sequence analysis of nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants

Myeloblastosis(MYB) is one of the largest transcribed factor families in plants. To gain an overall picture of the evolution of MYB genes in relict plants, we cloned nine novel MYB genes in Taxodiaceae plants(Taxodium distichum, Taxodium ascendens, Cryptomeria japonica var. Sinensis, Cryptomeria japonica cv. Araucarioides, Cryptomer Japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Taiwania cryptomerioides and Glyptostrobus pensilis). The deduced amino acid sequences for MYBs showed that the nine MYB proteins contained two DNA binding domains. The first domain is from amino acid position 29 to 78, wherein three tryptophanes at 33, 53 and 73 were separated by 19 amino acids, respectively. The second domain is from amino acid position 82 to 127, wherein three tryptophanes at 86, 105 and 124 were separated by 18 amino acids, respectively, whereas the first tryptophane at amino acid position 86 is replaced by a phenylalanine. The characterization of these conserved domains at nine MYBs indicated that they all belong to the R2R3-MYB group. The secondary structure analysis showed that α-helix and β-turn are the major motifs of the predicted secondary structure of MYBs. The three dimensional model of each MYB protein showed that the structure is like clip, making it more flexible and mobile. The similarities between the nine MYB proteins in Taxodiaceae were calculated. The highest identical value of 99% is between CjsMYB, CjMYB and CjaMYB, whereas the lowest value of 82% is between TaMYB and ClMYB. According to the phylogenetic tree, the distances between different genera were relatively large whereas those within genera were relatively small. As expected, accessions of the same genus formed a subgroup before being grouped with other genera.